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Segmentation of cardiac tissue fibrosis in MRI data
Sokol, Norbert ; Mézl, Martin (referee) ; Kolář, Radim (advisor)
Late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging can be used to visualize pre-ablation fibrosis or post-ablation myocardial scar. This can significantly helps physicians with diagnosis patients who suffer from myocardial fibrosis to determine region of fibrosis and for post-operative validation of intervention after radio-frequency catheter ablation. In this thesis, i introduce an algorithm for successful distinguish of fibrosis on datasets of patients with myocardial fibrosis, scanned at Faculty hospital at St. Anne’s University Hospital.
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Segmentation of cardiac tissue fibrosis in MRI data
Sokol, Norbert ; Mézl, Martin (referee) ; Kolář, Radim (advisor)
Late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging can be used to visualize pre-ablation fibrosis or post-ablation myocardial scar. This can significantly helps patients with myocardial fibrosis to determine region of fibrosis and for post-operative validation of intervention after radio-frequency catheter ablation. In this thesis, i introduce an algorithm for successful distinguish of fibrosis on datasets of patients with myocardial fibrosis, scanned at Faculty hospital at St. Anne’s University Hospital.
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Regeneration initiation of Xenopus laevis tail-functional study
Netušil, Jiří ; Šindelka, Radek (advisor) ; Petr, Jaroslav (referee)
The recent introduction of high-throughput sequencing techniques rapidly changes our perception of vertebrate regeneration. One of the model organisms intensely studied for its regenerative potential is the embryonic tadpole stage of African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). This thesis aims to review and functionally validate some of the latest findings gained by RNA sequencing of regenerating Xenopus laevis tail. We specifically focus on gene expression changes during the early phases of regeneration and how their absence affects the progression and phenotypic outcome of this process. Our analysis confirms that Regeneration initiating cells (RICs) identified by single-cell and spatial RNA sequencing represent a vital element in successful tail regeneration. The RIC marker genes mmp9 and pmepa1 affect the processes linked to extracellular matrix remodelling and the migration pattern of previously described Regeneration organizing cells (ROCs) while not interfering with the myeloid cell lineage. We further demonstrate a novel use of Vivo Morpholino oligonucleotides in a transient knockdown assay and offer an assessment of its benefits and limitations. This thesis highlights the importance of spatio-temporal regulation happening on both cellular and molecular levels during the initial 24 hours of...
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Morphological and functional changes in microvasculature and endomysium in human atrial myocardium with atrial fibrillation
Smorodinova, Natalia ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Čížková, Dana (referee) ; Čížková, Kateřina (referee)
This doctorial thesis was focused on morphological and functional changes in microvasculature and endomysium in human atrial myocardium with atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common arrhythmias in the clinical practice and it is associated with an increase in mortality risk that is strongly related with old age. Its pathogenesis is still not sufficiently explored. One of the generally recognized factors contributing to the initiation and maintenance of atrial fibrillation is structural remodeling of the myocardium. Structural remodeling is reflected by changes that affect both atrial cardiomyocytes as well as endomysium. We analyzed atrial biopsies obtained from patients undergoing bypass or mitral valve surgery. The patients had a regular sinus rhythm or were suffering from AF. Immunohistochemistry was used to visualize collagen I, collagen III, elastin, desmin, smooth muscle actin and VEGF in the atrial samples.To detect capillaries UEA-lectin was used. For detection of different types of immune cells the following markers were detected immunohistochemically: CD45 as a pan- leukocyte marker, CD3 for T-lymphocytes, CD68 for monocyte/macrophages, mast cell tryptase for mast cells and DC-SIGN for immature dendritic cells. Our results document that in patients...
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The role of new pro-inflammatory and/or pro-fibrotic molecules in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis.
Tomčík, Michal ; Bečvář, Radim (advisor) ; Hrnčíř, Zbyněk (referee) ; Horák, Pavel (referee)
Introduction: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a generalized connective tissue disease affecting the skin and internal organs. The pathogenesis of SSc is characterized by inflammation, vasculopathy and fibrosis. To date, none of the tested drugs have demonstrated convincing efficacy in the treatment of SSc. S100A4 is involved in the regulation of cell motility, proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. It was originally described as a promoter of metastasis in tumors, however, its pro-inflammatory properties have recently been demonstrated in inflammatory rheumatic diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the role of S100A4 in pathological activation of fibroblasts in SSc and in experimental models of dermal fibrosis. Results: The expression of S100A4 was increased in the skin of SSc patients, in SSc fibroblasts and in experimental fibrosis in a TGF-β / Smad dependent manner. Overexpression of S100A4 or stimulation with recombinant S100A4 induced an activated phenotype in resting normal fibroblasts. In contrast, inhibition of S100A4 or its complete deficit abrogated the pro-fibrotic effects of TGF-β and decreased the release of collagen. S100A4 knock-out mice (S100A4-/- ) were protected from bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis with reduced dermal thickening,...
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Segmentation of cardiac tissue fibrosis in MRI data
Sokol, Norbert ; Mézl, Martin (referee) ; Kolář, Radim (advisor)
Late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging can be used to visualize pre-ablation fibrosis or post-ablation myocardial scar. This can significantly helps physicians with diagnosis patients who suffer from myocardial fibrosis to determine region of fibrosis and for post-operative validation of intervention after radio-frequency catheter ablation. In this thesis, i introduce an algorithm for successful distinguish of fibrosis on datasets of patients with myocardial fibrosis, scanned at Faculty hospital at St. Anne’s University Hospital.
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Segmentation of cardiac tissue fibrosis in MRI data
Sokol, Norbert ; Mézl, Martin (referee) ; Kolář, Radim (advisor)
Late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging can be used to visualize pre-ablation fibrosis or post-ablation myocardial scar. This can significantly helps patients with myocardial fibrosis to determine region of fibrosis and for post-operative validation of intervention after radio-frequency catheter ablation. In this thesis, i introduce an algorithm for successful distinguish of fibrosis on datasets of patients with myocardial fibrosis, scanned at Faculty hospital at St. Anne’s University Hospital.
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The role of new pro-inflammatory and/or pro-fibrotic molecules in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis.
Tomčík, Michal ; Bečvář, Radim (advisor) ; Hrnčíř, Zbyněk (referee) ; Horák, Pavel (referee)
Introduction: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a generalized connective tissue disease affecting the skin and internal organs. The pathogenesis of SSc is characterized by inflammation, vasculopathy and fibrosis. To date, none of the tested drugs have demonstrated convincing efficacy in the treatment of SSc. S100A4 is involved in the regulation of cell motility, proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. It was originally described as a promoter of metastasis in tumors, however, its pro-inflammatory properties have recently been demonstrated in inflammatory rheumatic diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the role of S100A4 in pathological activation of fibroblasts in SSc and in experimental models of dermal fibrosis. Results: The expression of S100A4 was increased in the skin of SSc patients, in SSc fibroblasts and in experimental fibrosis in a TGF-β / Smad dependent manner. Overexpression of S100A4 or stimulation with recombinant S100A4 induced an activated phenotype in resting normal fibroblasts. In contrast, inhibition of S100A4 or its complete deficit abrogated the pro-fibrotic effects of TGF-β and decreased the release of collagen. S100A4 knock-out mice (S100A4-/- ) were protected from bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis with reduced dermal thickening,...
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Revitalization program Cellulite - dermopanniculosis deformans and its verification in practice.
ŠPINDLEROVÁ, Martina
Diploma thesis deals with developing and testing of revitalization program which has positive effect on Cellulite-dermopanniculosis deformans. The research presents and evaluates results of revitalization program which took 6 months. Analysis of technical terms, that are closely related to cellulite, is presented in the theoretical part. There are presented views of Czech and foreign experts who deal with issues of cellulit. At the end of theoretical part we focused on available revitalizing methods that are aiming to elliminate cellulit. Experimental investigation was carried out on 60 women who were divided into experimental and control groups. Results are statisticaly processed in the form of graphs and tables and acompanied with discussion.
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The risk of chronic lesions after radiation therapy in patients with breast cancer
KŘÍŽOVÁ, Jana
Breast carcinoma is the most common cancer in women. In 2009, 5,975 new cases were diagnosed in the Czech Republic. One of the main treatment modalities is radiotherapy, which, besides bringing treatment effects, may also cause post-radiation changes that significantly influence patients? quality of life. The work focuses on monitoring the occurrence of post-radiation changes following radiotherapy as part of breast carcinoma treatment ? chronic radiodermatitis, hypodermic fibrosis and lymphedema, all at Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute Brno. After the end of radiotherapeutic treatment these changes are monitored by the physicians during regular checks and classified on the RTOG/EORTC scale. I used a set of 98 patients (97 women and 1 man) treated at the Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute Brno between 1998 and 2009 who suffered from the mentioned post-radiation changes. The data was assessed upon the purpose, radiation equipment used for the radiotherapy, and the degree of the studied conditions. Occurrence of lymphedema prior to radiotherapy was statistically analysed as well. All the patients received the same dose of 50 Gy with a standard fractionation scheme of 25 fractions by 2 Gy, and therefore no evaluation of coincidence of the applied dose with the risk of chronic changes occurrence was possible. Consequent changes occurred in 74 % of the studied patients. Statistics shows that patients who received radiation treatment of mamma or chest and regional lymph nodes were at higher risk of suffering chronic changes to the skin and higher risk of lymphedema, but at lower risk of hypodermic fibrosis.
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